「七彩話合規」是棱鏡七彩推出的全新內容板塊，涵蓋開源合規基礎知識、常見許可證翻譯、常見合規問答等多個模塊。棱鏡七彩開源合規部門專註於開源許可證研究，為您提供權威的許可證翻譯參考和問題解答。

開源合規第一步：理解開源許可證

開源許可證，其本質是一種格式合同，通過特定的條款授予用戶自由使用、修改、分發開源代碼的權利。開源合規治理，首先需要瞭解開源許可證中的條款內容。

“源譯識”項目是由開放原子開源基金會發起的開源公益翻譯項目，聚焦於開源許可證、司法案例、專業書籍、重點報告及社區資訊等開源相關內容的專業化、社區化高質量翻譯，旨在通過共譯推動共識，促進開源領域不同語境和法域之間的交流、理解，從而反哺開源生態。

Apache License Version 2.0

January 2004 http://www.apache.org/licenses/

Apache許可證 第2.0版

2004年1月 http://www.apache.org/licenses/

SPDX short identifier / SPDX短標識符：Apache-2.0

TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION 使用、復制和分發的條款和條件

1. Definitions.定義

"License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction, and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.

“本許可證” 系指本文檔第1節至第9節所定義的使用、復制和分發的條款和條件。

"Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by the copyright owner that is granting the License.

“許可方” 系指授予本許可證的版權所有者或經其授權的實體。

"Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition, "control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.

“法人實體” 系指行為實體及其他控制該實體、受該實體控制或與該實體在共同控制之下的實體的集合。就本條定義而言， “控制” 指(i)直接或間接地引導或管理該實體的權力，不論通過合同或其他形式；或(ii)擁有百分之五十（50%）或以上流通股的所有權；或(iii)擁有該實體的實益所有權。

"You" (or "Your" ) shall mean an individual or Legal Entity exercising permissions granted by this License.

“您” （或 “您的” ）系指行使本許可證下許可的個人或法人實體。

"Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications, including but not limited to software source code, documentation source, and configuration files.

“源碼” 形式系指進行修改的首選形式，包括但不限於軟件源代碼、源文檔和配置文件。

"Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical transformation or translation of a Source form, including but not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation, and conversions to other media types.

“目標碼” 形式系指對源碼形式進行機器轉換或翻譯而產生的任何形式，包括但不限於已編譯的目標代碼、生成的文檔和轉換的其他媒體類型。

"Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work (an example is provided in the Appendix below).

“本作品” 系指在本許可證下無論以源碼形式或目標碼形式提供的原創作品，如作品中所包含或附加的版權聲明所述（示例請見下文附錄）。

"Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of, the Work and Derivative Works thereof.

“衍生作品” 系指基於（或衍生於）本作品的任何作品，無論是源碼形式或目標碼形式，且對本作品的編輯修訂、註釋、闡述或其他修改在整體上形成原創作品。就本許可證而言，衍生作品不包括與本作品及其衍生作品仍保持分離或僅通過接口連接（或以名稱綁定）的作品。

"Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally submitted to Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted" means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems, and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."

“貢獻” 系指由版權所有者或由經其授權的個人或法人實體有意提交給許可方以納入本作品的任何原創作品，包括本作品的原始版本和對本作品的任何修改或添加或其衍生作品。就本條定義而言， “提交” 系指發送給許可方或其代表的任何電子、口頭或書面形式的通信內容，包括但不限於為供討論和改進本作品目的，發送到許可方管理的、或代表許可方的電子郵件列表、源代碼控制系統和發佈跟蹤系統的通信內容，但不包括版權所有者明確標註或以其他方式書面指定為“非貢獻”的通信內容。

"Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by Licensor and subsequently incorporated within the Work.

“貢獻者” 是指許可方，以及其“貢獻”已被許可方接收且許可方代表其將貢獻合並入本作品中的任何個人或法人實體。

2.Grant of Copyright License.版權許可的授予

Subject to the terms and conditions of this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of, publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute the Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form.

受限於本許可證的條款和條件，每個貢獻者特此授予您永久的、全球性的、非排他性的、免交易費的、免許可費的、不可撤銷的版權許可，以復制、準備衍生作品、公開展示、公開表演、分許可和分發本作品及其衍生作品，以源碼或目標碼形式。

3.Grant of Patent License.專利許可的授予

Subject to the terms and conditions of this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable (except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made, use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work, where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s) with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You institute patent litigation against any entity (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate as of the date such litigation is filed.

受限於本許可證的條款和條件，每個貢獻者特此授予您永久的、全球性的、非排他性的、免交易費的、免許可費的、不可撤銷的（按本節規定的除外）專利許可，以制造、委托制造、使用、許諾銷售、銷售、進口及以其他方式轉移本作品，該許可僅及於貢獻者有權許可且由其貢獻本身或由其貢獻與其提交時所針對的本作品形成的組合所必然侵犯的專利權利要求。如果您對任何實體提起專利訴訟（包括在法律訴訟中的交叉訴訟主張或反訴主張），主張本作品或納入本作品的貢獻構成專利的直接侵權或幫助侵權，則在本許可證下授予您的任何專利許可自該訴訟提起之日起終止。

4.Redistribution.再分發

You may reproduce and distribute copies of the Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You meet the following conditions:

您可在任何媒介上復制和分發本作品或其衍生作品的副本，無論是否經過修改，無論以源碼形式或目標形式，隻要您滿足以下條件：

a.You must give any other recipients of the Work or Derivative Works a copy of this License; and

您必須向本作品或衍生作品的任何其他接收者提供本許可證的副本；且

b.You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices stating that You changed the files; and

您必須使任何修改後的文件都附上顯著的聲明，說明您修改瞭該文件；且

c.You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and attribution notices from the Source form of the Work, excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of the Derivative Works; and

您必須在您分發的任何衍生作品的源碼形式中，保留來自本作品源碼形式的所有版權、專利、商標和權屬聲明，但與該衍生作品任何部分無關的聲明除外；以及

d.If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained within such NOTICE file, excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or, within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed as modifying the License.

如果本作品分發時包含 “NOTICE” 文本文件，則您分發的任何衍生作品必須至少在下述一處位置包含本文件中的署名聲明的可讀副本，但與該衍生作品任何部分無關的聲明除外：在作為衍生作品一部分的NOTICE文本文件中；在與衍生作品一並提供的源碼形式或文檔中；或在衍生作品生成的顯示界面中通常展示第三方聲明的任何位置（如有）。NOTICE文件中的內容僅為提供信息，並不修改本許可。您可以在您分發的衍生作品中添加您自己的權屬聲明，與本作品的NOTICE文本並列或作為其附錄，隻要該添加的權屬聲明不被解釋為修改本許可。

You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and may provide additional or different license terms and conditions for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use, reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with the conditions stated in this License.

您可以對您修改的部分添加您自己的版權聲明，並可以就您修改的部分或任何衍生作品整體提供額外或不同的許可條款和條件以供使用、復制或分發，隻要您使用、復制和分發本作品的做法符合本許可規定的條件。

5.Submission of Contributions.貢獻的提交

Unless You explicitly state otherwise, any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of this License, without any additional terms or conditions. Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed with Licensor regarding such Contributions.

除非另有明確說明，您有意向許可方提交且為瞭納入本作品的任何貢獻，均受本許可證的條款和條件約束，而不帶有任何附加條款或條件。盡管有上述規定，本許可證中任何內容，均不會取代或修改您就該貢獻可能與許可方另行簽署的許可協議的條款。

6.Trademarks.商標

This License does not grant permission to use the trade names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor, except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.

本許可證不授予使用許可方的商號、商標、服務標志或產品名稱的許可，但在描述本作品來源及復制NOTICE文件內容時因合理和習慣用法需要的除外。

7.Disclaimer of Warranty.免責聲明

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.

除非所適用法律要求或經書面同意，許可方就本作品（及每個貢獻者就其貢獻）是 “按原樣” 提供， 沒有任何明示或默示的保證或條件 ，包括但不限於關於 權屬、不侵權、適銷性或特定目的適用性 的任何保證或條件。您自行負責確認使用或再分發本作品的適當性，並承擔與您行使本許可證下所授許可相關的任何風險。

8.Limitation of Liability.責任限制

In no event and under no legal theory, whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise, unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill, work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor has been advised of the possibility of such damages.

在任何情況和任何法律理論下，無論在侵權（包括過失）、合同或其他方面，除非所適用法律要求（如故意或嚴重過失行為）或經書面同意，任何貢獻者均不對您的損失承擔責任，包括因本許可證或因使用或無法使用本作品而導致的任何直接的、間接的、特定的、偶然性的或繼發性的損失（包括但不限於商譽損失、停工、計算機失靈或故障，或任何其他商業損害或損失），即使該貢獻者曾被告知該損失的可能性。

9.Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability.接受保證或附加責任

While redistributing the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer, and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity, or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify, defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.

在再分發本作品或其衍生作品時，您可以選擇接受支持、保證、補償或其他符合本許可證的責任義務和/或權利，並為之收取費用。然而，在接受該義務時，您隻能代表您自己行事且責任完全由您承擔，不得代表任何其他貢獻者，且在其他貢獻者因您接受此類保證或附加責任而產生賠償責任或主張時，您必須同意補償、辯護並使該貢獻者免受該損害。

END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS 條款和條件結束

APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work 附錄：如何將Apache許可證應用到您的作品中

Include a copy of the Apache License, typically in a file called LICENSE, in your work, and consider also including a NOTICE file that references the License.

在您作品中包含Apache許可證的副本，通常在名為 “LICENSE ”的文件中，並考慮在您作品中包含一個引用該許可證的 “NOTICE” 文件。

To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]" replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include the brackets!) The text should be enclosed in the appropriate comment syntax for the file format. We also recommend that a file or class name and description of purpose be included on the same "printed page" as the copyright notice for easier identification within third-party archives.

要將Apache許可證應用於您的作品，請附上下述聲明模板，並將由括號“[]”包圍的字段替換為您自己的標識信息。（不要包含方括號！）該文本應納入文件格式適合的註釋語法中。我們還建議將文件名或類名和目的描述與版權聲明放在同一“打印頁面”上，以便於在第三方檔案中識別。

Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner] Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.

版權所有[yyyy][版權所有者名稱] 根據Apache許可證第2.0版（“本許可證”）許可； 除非符合本許可證的規定，否則您不得使用此文件。 您可以在此獲取本許可證的副本： http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 除非所適用法律要求或經書面同意，在本許可證下分發的軟件是“按原樣”分發的， 沒有任何形式的保證或條件，不論明示或默示。 請查閱本許可證瞭解有關本許可證下許可和限制的具體要求。

【譯者註：以上模板譯文僅為便於您理解而翻譯，在您的作品中應使用模板英文原文。】

譯文聲明：本中文譯文系基於Lotus、Vanessa、Sara、野行僧的譯文投稿，在20230226譯文評審會上經宋雷教授、衛Sir、沈芬律師審議，並在經向Apache軟件基金會咨詢之後，於20230409譯文評審會最終定稿。本譯文按照CC0授權您使用、復制及傳播等。但也請您註意，本譯文並非官方譯文，僅為便於閱讀、理解、研討而翻譯，開放原子開源基金會不提供與本譯文相關的任何明示或默示擔保。Apache許可證第2.0版的原文請見：http://apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

項目介紹：“源譯識”翻譯項目是由開放原子開源基金會發起的開源公益翻譯項目，旨在通過共譯尋求開源的共識。目前本項目主要涉及開源許可證翻譯、開源案例翻譯、開源書籍翻譯及開源資訊翻譯等。詳情請見：http://openatom.org/legal-IP.