及物动词有主动语态和被动语态两种形式，常见被动语态形式有：

一、什么情况下需要被动语态

(1) 不知道或不指明动作的发出者

• — The window needs cleaning. — I know. It hasn't been cleaned for weeks.
• The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people are persuaded to eat more fruit and vegetables.

(2) 强调动作的承受者或动作本身

• All the employees except the manager are encouraged to work online at home.

(3) 文章或新闻标题、广告

• Five-Year-Old Boy Kidnapped! （这里是过去分词表被动）

〖注意〗动词词组的被动语态和情态动词的被动语态

• The plan will be given up.
• Bad habits have been done away with.
• He must be prevented from going there.
• The plan ought to be put into practice as soon as possible.

（动词词组的介词、副词不能丢，情态动词的被动形式是“情态动词 + be + 过去分词”）

(4) “get + 过去分词”表被动，用于口语

• The patient got treated once a week.
• Jim fell off the car and got killed.

二、主动形式表被动意义

(1) 系表结构（不及物动词）

系动词 look, sound, feel, smell, taste, appear, seem, go, prove, turn, stay, become, fall, get, grow, keep等 + 形容词/名词

• Ice feels cold.
• His plan proved (to be) practical.
• The milk has gone bad.

(2) 表示“开始、结束、运动”的词（不及物动词）

begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, end, shut, run, move等

• Work began at 7 o'clock this morning.
• The shop closes at 6 p.m. every day.

(3) 表示主语属性的词（不及物动词）

read, write, act, iron, cut, draw, drive, sell, wash, clean, wear, cook, lock, dry, eat, drink等，不单独使用，要加修饰语

• The coat washes easily. 容易洗
• Your book reads very well. 读起来不错
• The material has worn thin. 磨薄了
• The match won't catch. 擦不著
• The car won't start. 发动不起来
• The plan worked out wonderfully. 进展得好

(4) 少数动词用于进行时，可以主动表被动

print, cook, sell, build等

• The book is printing. 书正在印刷。
• The meat is cooking. 肉正在炖著。
• The house is building. 房子正在建。

(5) 介词“in / on / under等 + 名词”表被动

表示方位或目的的介词+表示动作的名词，相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式

• under control / treatment / repair / discussion / construction
• beyond belief / one's reach / one's control
• for sale / rent
• in print / sight
• on sale / show / trial
• out of control / sight / one's reach / fashion
• The rumor is beyond belief ( = can't be believed ).
• Today some treasures are on show ( = are being shown) in the museum.

(6) 不能用于被动语态及物动词或词组

have (有), wish (希望), cost (花费), last (持续), date back to (追溯到), run out (用完), agree with (同意), arrive at/in (到达), shake hands with (握手), succeed in (成功), suffer from (受苦), take part in (参加), walk into/enter (走进), belong to (属于)等

• I have an apple.
• This apartment cost him two million dollars.
• Refugees are suffering from hunger.

〖注意〗严格来说，所有“不及物动词+介词”的词组都不用于被动语态。同时，后面的宾语是介词宾语，不是动词宾语。