1. 副詞的定義:
漢語定義:副:第二位的,輔助的,區別於“正”、“主”。修飾動詞、形容詞、其它副詞或全句的詞,
表示時間、地點、程度、方式等概念。
英語詞源:adverb(縮寫 adv.):ad-=at-朝向+verb 動詞→放在動詞旁邊的詞
2. 副詞的作用:
(1)副詞最主要的作用是作狀語:
He warmly welcomed us.(他熱情地歡迎瞭我們。)(方式狀語,修飾動詞)
Have you seen him lately?(你最近見過他嗎?)(時間狀語,修飾動詞)
I’m quite happy to meet you.(我見到你相當高興。)(程度狀語,修飾形容詞)
This is so boring.(這太無聊瞭。)(程度狀語,修飾形容詞)
He didn’t work hard enough.(他工作不夠努力。)(程度狀語,修飾副詞)
Can you explain it simply?(你能解釋得簡單點嗎?)(方式狀語,修飾動詞)
Normally, I work for 8 hours a day.(一般,我一天工作 8 個小時。)(時間狀語,修飾句子)
Hopefully, we’ll meet again.(希望我們以後還能見到。)(目的狀語,修飾句子)
(2)副詞作表語:
Are we through (with the work) yet?(我們忙完瞭嗎?)
I must be off now.(我現在必須得走瞭。)
“I am back.” — Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines(“我回來瞭”。——《終結者 3:機器的覺醒》)
(3)副詞作賓語補足語:
I’m happy to see you back.(看到你回來我很高興。)
Keep your coat on if you feel cold.(如果覺得冷,你可以穿著外套。)
3. 形容詞變副詞的規則:
1. 一般情況,形容詞詞尾加-ly
slow→slowly
(慢速的→慢速地)
brave→bravely
(勇敢的→勇敢地)
2. 以-e 結尾的形容詞,去掉-e 再加-ly 或-y
true→truly
(真正的→真正地)
gentle→gently
(溫柔的→溫柔地)
3. 輔音字母+y 結尾的形容詞,y 變 i 加-ly
happy→happily
(快樂的→快樂地)
easy→easily
(容易的→容易地)
4. 以-l 結尾的形容詞,詞尾加-ly;以-ll 結尾的
詞,詞尾加-y
usual→usually
(通常的→通常)
full→fully
(充滿的→充分地)
5. 以-ic 結尾的形容詞,詞尾加-ally
basic→basically
(基本的→基本上)
scientific→scientifically
(科學的→科學地)
4. 副詞的種類:
(1)時間副詞:
It will rain tomorrow.(明天會下雨。)
I haven’t seen her recently.(最近我沒見過她。)
See you later.(待會兒見。)
常見的時間副詞:
ago / before(以前 / 在……以前)
then / lately / recently / just now /now / later(當時 / 不久前 / 最近 / 剛剛 / 現在 / 一會兒 )
today / tomorrow / tonight / yesterday / last night(今天 / 明天 / 今晚 / 昨天 / 昨晚)
問:在表示“以前”時,ago 和 before 有什麼區別?
答:1. ago 表示從現在向前回溯,表示“現在的過去”,通常和一般過去時連用;before 表示從過去向前回溯,表示“過去的
過去”,通常和完成時連用。例:
I visited him three days ago, but he had gone to Beijing a week before.(我三天前去訪
問他,但他已於那時的一周前到上海去瞭。)
2. 如果不確定多久之前,或沒有一個具體的時間,隻用 before,表示“從前”。例:
I have seen this film somewhere before.
(我之前在哪兒看過這部電影。)
(2)頻度副詞:
She’s always complaining.(她老是抱怨。)
I go to the gym regularly to play tennis.(我定期去體育館打網球。)
He’s constantly changing his mind.(他老是改變主意。)
常見的頻度副詞:
never / hardly ever / ever / sometimes / usually / often / always / constantly
(從不 / 幾乎不 / 曾經 / 有時 / 通常 / 經常 / 總是 / 不斷地)
rarely / seldom / occasionally / regularly / normally / frequently
(罕有 / 很少 / 偶爾 / 定期 / 通常 / 頻繁地)
(3)地點副詞:
He went upstairs to sleep.(他上樓睡覺瞭。)
She is now studying abroad.(她現在正在國外學習。)
常見的地點副詞:
home / abroad, downstairs / upstairs, here /there, somewhere / anywhere / everywhere
(傢 / 國外,下樓 / 上樓,這裡 / 那裡,某個地方 / 任何地方 / 所有地方)
(4)方式副詞:
I firmly believe that this method is going to work great.(我堅信這個辦法會很有效。)
They hope to settle the problem peacefully.(他們希望和平解決這個問題。)
常見的方式副詞:
frankly / honestly, gently / heavily, carefully / patiently, correctly / perfectly
(坦率地 / 真誠地,溫柔地 / 重重地,小心地 / 耐心地,正確地 / 完美地)
effectively / rapidly, clearly / fluently / beautifully / poorly
(有效地 / 快速地,清楚地 / 流利地 / 漂亮地 / 糟糕地)
firmly, simply, peacefully
(堅定地,簡單地,和平地)
(5)程度副詞:
I’m extremely disappointed in you.(我對你極其失望。)
She hurt herself badly.(她傷得很重。)
常見的程度副詞:
slightly / partly / almost / completely / entirely / fully / extremely
(輕微地 / 部分地 / 幾乎 / 完全 / 整個 / 充分地 / 極端地)
very / so / deeply / greatly / nearly / quite / enough
(非常 / 如此 / 深深地 / 巨大地 / 將近 / 相當 / 足夠)
(6)句子副詞:
Luckily, she didn’t make the mistake.(幸運的是,她沒有犯那個錯誤。)
Seriously, you need to take care of your health.(說真的,你應該多註意身體。)
(7)疑問副詞:
How are you doing?(你過得怎麼樣?)
Where do you live?(你住在哪兒?)
When can you come?(你什麼時候可以來?)
Why are you late?(你為什麼遲到?)
(8)連接副詞(conjunctive adverbs)(引導從句,後續有詳解):
Do you know how I can start this machine?(你知道我該怎麼啟動這個機器嗎?)(引導賓語從句)
I don’t know where he lives.(我不知道他住在哪兒。)(引導賓語從句)
Tell me when you’re ready.(你準備好瞭就告訴我。)(引導時間狀語從句)
This is why I came here.(這就是我為什麼來這裡。)(引導表語從句)
(9)關系副詞(relative adverb)(引導定語從句,後續有詳解):
I moved to London in 2005, where I lived for 3 years.(2005 年我去瞭倫敦,在那裡待瞭三年。)
By the time when we saw him, he was already in hospital(. 等我們看到他的時候,他已經在醫院瞭。)
The reason why he was late is funny.(他遲到的原因很滑稽。)