英语词汇

五个表示“危险”，“风险”的名词和动词

嘉中

risk、danger、peril、jeopardy、hazard 这五个词常用来表示“危险”，“风险”的意

思。

risk “风险”，普通用词。指可能发生但又难以预料的危险，也常用来表示活动中的风险。

例句：

It's always a risk starting up a new business.

创立一家新公司总是有风险的。

I don’t want to run the risk of losing my present job.

我不想冒着失我面前这份工作的危险。

Obesity correlates with increased risk for hypertension and stroke.

肥胖会增加高血压和中风的风险。

He run into the burning house to rescue the children at the risk of his own life.

他冒着自己的生命危险冲进着火的房子救出了孩子们。

Light beer drinking seems to be most beneficial form of alcohol in reducing the risk

of high blood pressure.

少量喝啤酒似乎是有益的饮酒方式，可以降低患高血压的风险。

Needless to say, the bigger the risk an insurance company takes, the higher the

premium you will have to pay.

不消说，保险公司冒险越大，你要付出的保险金亦越高。

Obesity correlates with increased risk for hypertension and stroke.

肥胖会增加高血压和中风的风险。

____________

risk 也可用作动词，表示“冒风险”，接名词和动名词作宾语。

She was prepared to risk everything on a last throw of the dice.

她准备不惜牺牲一切，作最后的一搏。

Local people risked their own lives to shelter resistance fighters from the army.

当地人冒着生命危险保护抵抗战士不受军队的袭击。

She risks losing her reputation if her latest project fails.

如果她最近的项目失败，她可能会失去声誉。

Only those who will risk going too far can possibly find out how far one can go.

只有那些愿意冒险走得太远的人，才有可能发现自己能走多远。

danger 普通用词，泛指所面临的一切危险，危害，威胁。

例句：

In this world there is always danger for those who are afraid of it.

对于害怕危险的人，这个世界上总是危险的。

The South Polar explorers took every precaution to minimize the dangers of their

trips.

南极探险者采取一切预防措施把旅程的危险降到了最低。

The new technique increases the chance of survival and reduces the danger of brain

damage.

这项新技术增加了患者生存的机会，降低了大脑损伤的危险。

After the fire, the captain of the ship assured the passengers that there was no

danger.

失火后，船长向旅客们保证没有危险。

The doctor pronounced my sister out of danger the second day after the operation.

手术后第二天，医生宣布我姐姐已脱离危险。

You'd think they were in mortal danger by the nervous tremor in their voices.

从他们声音中神经质的颤抖，你会认为他们有生命危险。

——————

Endanger “危害”、”危及”、

Someday our cities will be choked with cars and the polluted air will endanger our

health.

总有一天,我们的城市将会被汽车阻塞，污染的空气危害我们的健康。

Drugs harm people’s health, give rise to corruption and crimes, disrupt sustainable

development and endanger national security and world peace.

毒品危害人民健康，滋生犯罪和腐败，破坏可持续发展，危及国家安全和世界和平。

As a result, drunks not only make a fool of themselves but their drunken behavior

could endanger their safety and the safety of others.

结果，酗酒不仅使自己出丑，其行为还会危及自身的安全和他人的安全。

Restrictions of speed should be imposed in river courses where navigation of ships

may endanger the safety of embankments.

在船舶航行可能危及堤岸安全的河段，应当限定航速。

peril 语气比danger 强， 指严重的危险或灾难，隐含危险极为迫近，使人非常可能遭受

损失或伤害。

例句：

Many species of animals are already in peril of extinction because of our destruction

of their natural habitats.

许多动物物种由于我们破坏了它们的自然环境，现在正面临灭绝的危险。

Because of the political peril of touching Social Security, broad reform demands the

support from the general public.

由于触及社会保障时的政治风险，大规模改革必须得到公众的支持。

So let us go forward confident, determined, and unafraid. Together, we will face the

peril of our moment, and we will seize the promise of our times.

让我们满怀信心，坚定不移、毫无畏惧地奋勇向前。我们将共同面对当前出现的危难，

我们将紧紧抓住我们这个时代展现的希望。

Some people are undaunted in the face of peril, and some display cowardice when

faced with death.

有人临危不惧，有人贪生怕死。

Firefighters, police officers and other selfless members of our society rushed to the

aid of those in peril.

消防队员、警察和其他无私的社会成员冲到危险的人群中给予援助。

____________

imperil “危及”、“威胁”

Experts show their great concern that the real estate bubble could imperil the

country's financial security.

专家们表示极大的关注: 房地产泡沫会危及到国家金融安全。

We’re going to use cleaner sources of energy that don't imperil our climate.

我们将使用更加清洁的能源而不威胁环境气候。

Gramm, Alexander and Buchanan all recognize that Forbes' rise imperils their own

chances to win credibility.

格拉姆、亚历山大和布坎南都认识到，《福布斯》的崛起危及了他们赢得信誉的机会。

jeopardy 正式用词，指极其危险的情况。 常用于短语 in jeopardy。

例句:

Traffic congestion and jams have turned to be a nuisance to most of city dwellers,

and their lives are put in greater jeopardy.

交通拥挤和堵塞令大多数城市居民讨厌,他们的生命处于较大的危险之中。

His foolish remark and behavior may put his whole future in jeopardy.

他愚蠢的言词和行为可能毁了他一生的前程。

The lives of thousands of birds are in jeopardy as a result of the oil spill.

石油泄漏使成千上万只鸟的生命受到威胁。

But Jamaica Bay is in jeopardy. Thousands of acres of the bay’s marshlands are

mysteriously disappearing.

但牙买加湾目前却面临危机，海湾数千英亩的溼地正不知不觉中逐渐消失。

__________

jeopardize

Aliens in China shall abide by Chinese law and shall not jeopardize the national

security of China, harm its public interests or disturb its public order.

外国人在中国应遵守中国的法律,不得损害中国的国家安全、危害社会公共利益或破坏公共

秩序。

The state protects the facilities for earthquake monitoring and the environment for

seismicity observation in accordance with lar. No unit or individual may jeopardize

such facilities or environment.

国家依法保护地震监测设施和地震观测环境，任何单位和个人不得危害地震监测设施和地震

观测环境。

Being late so often will jeopardize your chances for promotion.

这么常迟到会危及你升迁的机会。

If the log files are deleted when the services are still running, you can jeopardize

data integrity.

如果在服务正在运行时删除日志文件，可能会影响数据完整性。

hazard 指潜在的危险，或表示对公众的危害。

例句：

Exhaust fumes from that plant has been a hazard to the surrounding towns。

从那家工厂排出的废气对周边城镇是一个危险。

Consumers are creating a huge electronic junkyard, which could pose a serious

health and environmental hazard.

消费者正在建造一个巨大的电子垃圾场，这可能会对健康和环境造成严重危害。

Failure to take proper account of these factors can cause the system to rapidly

become a health hazard.

这些因素考虑不周可能会很快导致整个系统成为健康危险。

Most stinging wasps and bees are beneficial and should be preserved unless they

pose a direct hazard to humans.

大多数带刺的黄蜂和蜜蜂是有益的，应该被保存，除非它们对人类造成直接危害。

The renovation of the fire hazard for staff gathering places of public entertainment

is always a focus of the fire control work.

公共娱乐人员聚集场所的火灾隐患的整治向来都是防火工作的一个重点。

They filed a safety hazard report that was immediately forwarded to our higher

headquarter

他们提交了一份安全隐患报告，报告立即被转交给了我们的上级总部。

____________

hazard 也可用作动词，表示“危及”和“冒险”的意思

The policy hazarded the islands and put the lives of the inhabitants at risk.

这项政策将这些岛屿和岛上的居民置于了危险的境地。

Barbarossa had never expected Doria to hazard a landing, and the fact proved he

was right.

巴巴罗萨从来没有想到多里亚会冒险着陆，事实证明他是这样做的是正确的。

No wonder, no company wants to hazard when the company might return to profit.

难怪在公司有望恢复盈利的时候，没有一家公司愿意冒险。