奥林匹克宪章是奥林匹克世界的宪法，它是奥运会、冬奥会组织、管理和发展的根本原则。

所以，《奥林匹克宪章》是奥运会、冬奥会知识的源头。

接下来看一下官方是怎么介绍奥林匹克宪章的。

一、奥林匹克宪章的概述

奥林匹克宪章开头原文英语版是这样描述的：

Introduction to the Olympic Charter

The Olympic Charter (OC) is the codification of the Fundamental Principles of Olympism, Rules and Bye-laws adopted by the International Olympic Committee (IOC). It governs the organisation, action and operation of the Olympic Movement and sets forth the conditions for the celebration of the Olympic Games. In essence, the Olympic Charter serves three main purposes:

奥林匹克宪章是国际奥委会(IOC)对奥林匹克主义的基本原则、规则和附则的汇编。它规定了奥林匹克运动的组织、行动和运作，规定了庆祝奥林匹克运动会的条件。从本质上说，奥林匹克宪章有三个主要目的:

a) The Olympic Charter, as a basic instrument of a constitutional nature, sets forth and recalls the Fundamental Principles and essential values of Olympism.

奥林匹克宪章是一项具有宪法性质的基本文书，它阐述和回顾了奥林匹克主义的基本原则和基本价值。

b) The Olympic Charter also serves as statutes for the International Olympic Committee.

奥林匹克宪章也是国际奥委会的章程。

c) In addition, the Olympic Charter defines the main reciprocal rights and obligations of the three main constituents of the Olympic Movement, namely the International Olympic Committee, the International Federations and the National Olympic Committees, as well as the Organising Committees for the Olympic Games, all of which are required to comply with the Olympic Charter.

此外，奥林匹克宪章定义三个奥林匹克运动的组织的主要权利和义，即国际奥委会、国际联合会和国家奥委会,以及奥运会组织委员会,所有这些都必须遵守奥林匹克宪章。

二、奥林匹克宪章中的奥林匹克主义的基本原则

奥林匹克宪章中的奥林匹克主义的基本原则（Fundamental Principles of Olympism）如下：

1. Olympism is a philosophy of life, exalting and combining in a balanced whole the qualities of body, will and mind. Blending sport with culture and education, Olympism seeks to create a way of life based on the joy of effort, the educational value of good example, social responsibility and respect for universal fundamental ethical principles.

奥林匹克主义是一种生活哲学，它使人的身体、意志和精神的素质得到全面的提高和统一。奥林匹克主义将体育与文化和教育相结合，力求创造一种生活方式，其基础是努力的乐趣、良好榜样的教育价值、社会责任和对普遍的基本伦理原则的尊重。

2. The goal of Olympism is to place sport at the service of the harmonious development of humankind, with a view to promoting a peaceful society concerned with the preservation of human dignity.

奥林匹克主义的目标是使体育为人类的和谐发展服务，以促进一个关心维护人类尊严的和平社会。

3. The Olympic Movement is the concerted, organised, universal and permanent action, carried out under the supreme authority of the IOC, of all individuals and entities who are inspired by the values of Olympism. It covers the five continents. It reaches its peak with the bringing together of the world’s athletes at the great sports festival, the Olympic Games. Its symbol is five interlaced rings.

奥林匹克运动是在国际奥委会的最高权力下，对一切受奥林匹克精神鼓舞的个人和团体采取的一致的、有组织的、普遍的和永久的行动。它覆蓋五大洲。随着世界各地的运动员齐聚一堂，参加奥林匹克运动会，它达到了顶峰。它的标志是五个交错的圆环。

4. The practice of sport is a human right. Every individual must have the possibility of practising sport, without discrimination of any kind and in the Olympic spirit, which requires mutual understanding with a spirit of friendship, solidarity and fair play.

体育运动是一项人权。每个人都必须有进行体育运动的可能性，不受任何歧视，并本着奥林匹克精神，奥林匹克精神要求以友谊、团结和公平竞争的精神相互理解。

5. Recognising that sport occurs within the framework of society, sports organisations within the Olympic Movement shall apply political neutrality. They have the rights and obligations of autonomy, which include freely establishing and controlling the rules of sport, determining the structure and governance of their organisations, enjoying the right of elections free from any outside influence and the responsibility for ensuring that principles of good governance be applied.

奥林匹克运动的体育组织承认运动是在社会框架内进行的，因此应保持政治中立。他们有自主的权利和义务，包括自由地建立和控制体育规则，决定其组织的结构和治理，享有不受任何外来影响的选举权利，并有责任确保良好治理的原则得到实施。

6. The enjoyment of the rights and freedoms set forth in this Olympic Charter shall be secured without discrimination of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, sexual orientation language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status.

享受奥林匹克宪章所规定的权利和自由，不得有任何歧视，如种族、肤色、性别、性倾向、语言、宗教、政治或其他意见、国籍或社会出身、财产、出生或其他身份。

7. Belonging to the Olympic Movement requires compliance with the Olympic Charter and recognition by the IOC.

加入奥林匹克运动需要遵守奥林匹克宪章，并得到国际奥委会的承认。

三、奥林匹克宪章的目录

奥林匹克宪章的中英文目录如下：

第一章奥林匹克运动

Chapter 1 The Olympic Movement

第二章国际奥委会

Chapter 2 The International Olympic Committee (IOC)

第三章国际联合会

Chapter 3 The International Federations (IFs)

第四章国家奥委会

Chapter 4 The National Olympic Committees (NOCs)

第五章奥林匹克运动会

Chapter 5 The Olympic Games

第六章措施与制裁、纪律处分程序与争议解决

Chapter 6 Measures and Sanctions, Disciplinary Procedures and Dispute Resolution

接下来介绍奥林匹克宪章上一些重要内容，常常在生活中新闻中被提到的，比如奥林匹克精神、奥林匹克国际组织、奥运会、冬奥会的概念。

四、奥林匹克宪章中的奥林匹克精神

《奥林匹克宪章》中的奥林匹克精神如下：

“The practice of sport is a human right. Every individual must have the possibility of practising sport, without discrimination of any kind and in the Olympic spirit, which requires mutual understanding with a spirit of friendship, solidarity and fair play.“

体育运动是一项人权。每个人都必须有进行体育运动的可能性，不受任何歧视，并本着奥林匹克精神，奥林匹克精神要求以友谊、团结和公平竞争的精神相互理解。

奥林匹克精神

五、奥林匹克宪章中的奥运会概念

《奥林匹克宪章》中的奥运会概念如下：

奥运会的概念

六、奥林匹克宪章中的冬奥会概念

《奥林匹克宪章》中的冬奥会的概念如下：

冬奥会的概念

那么，冬奥会和奥运会的区别是什么呢?

七、奥林匹克宪章中的冬奥会国际组织

《奥林匹克宪章》第45条（45 Programme of the Olympic Games* ）的冬奥会国际组织如下：

1.4 The sports which may be included in the Olympic Winter Games are:

1.4.1 The sports, governed by the following IFs, which are currently included in the programme, namely:

1、International Biathlon Union (IBU); 国际冬季两项联盟2、International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation (IBSF); 国际雪车联合会3、World Curling Federation (WCF); 世界冰壶联合会4、International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF); 国际冰球联合会5、International Luge Federation (FIL); 国际雪橇联合会6、International Skating Union (ISU); 国际滑冰联盟7、International Ski Federation (FIS). 国际滑雪联合会

冬奥会的国际组织

更多冬奥会的国际组织可参考：

八、奥林匹克宪章中的冬奥会项目

《奥林匹克宪章》第45条（45 Programme of the Olympic Games* ）的冬奥会项目如下：

The programme consists of two components, namely：

The sports programme, which includes all sports for a specific edition of the Olympic Games, as determined by the Session from among the sports governed by the IFs recognised by the IOC .

The events programme, which includes all events, as determined by the IOC Executive Board for a specific edition of the Olympic Games.

大项项目，由国际奥委会认可的国际单项体育联合会(IFs)管理，由国际奥委会全会（Session，国际奥林匹克委员会全体会议）决定某一届奥运会所有大项

An event is a specific competition in a sport resulting in a ranking giving rise to the award of medals and diplomas.

小项项目，由国际奥委会执行委员会决定某一届奥运会所有小项。

The events programme must include events from each sport included in the sports programme.”

由于冬奥会项目是按大项（Sport）、分项（Discipline）、小项（Event）组成，所以更多冬奥会项目的大项、分项、小项可参考：

结束语：

关于奥运相关的问题，你都可以在奥林匹克宪章（Olympic Charter）上找到答案或者线索。

本文只是给出奥林匹克宪章的概要，更多内容请见奥林匹克宪章全文，奥林匹克宪章原文英语版的官方下载地址如下：

但要注意，奥林匹克宪章有其时间局限性，要依据最新版本才有价值。