Jacques Paul Migne (French: [miɲ]; 25 October 1800 – 24 October 1875) was a French priest who published inexpensive and widely distributed editions of theological works, encyclopedias, and the texts of the Church Fathers, with the goal of providing a universal library for the Catholic priesthood.

雅克·保羅·米涅（法語： [miɲ]）；公元1800年10月25日-1875年10月24日）是一名法國牧師，他出版的神學著作、百科全書和神父論著價格低廉，發行量廣泛。他的目的是為天主教的教父們提供一個世界性的圖書館。

雅克·保羅·米涅，E·泰蘭德繪制的版畫

He was born at Saint-Flour, Cantal and studied theology at Orléans. He was ordained in 1824 and placed in charge of the parish of Puiseaux, in the diocese of Orléans, where his uncompromisingly Catholic and royalist sympathies did not coincide with local patriotism and the new regime of the Citizen-King. In 1833, after falling out with his bishop over a pamphlet he had published, he went to Paris, and on 3 November started a journal, L'Univers religieux, which he intended to keep free of political influence. It quickly gained 1,800 subscribers and he edited it for three years. (It afterwards became his co-editor Louis Veuillot's ultramontane organ, L'Univers.)

他出生在法國康塔爾省的聖弗盧爾，後在奧爾良學習神學。他於1824年被任命為牧師，負責奧爾良教區的普伊索堂區。在那裡，他對天主教和保皇主義的堅定同情與當地的愛國主義和“平民國王”（菲利普）的新政體格格不入。1833年，他因為出版瞭一本小冊子而與主教發生瞭爭執，之後他前往巴黎，並於11月3日創辦瞭一本名為《世界宗教》的雜志，他打算不讓它受到政治影響。這套雜志很快就有1800人訂閱瞭，他花瞭三年時間編纂。

一部完整的教父學版本（complete edition of patrology）

Migne believed in the power of the press and the value of information widely distributed. In 1836 he opened his great publishing house, Imprimerie Catholique, at Petit-Montrouge, in Paris's outlying 14th arrondissement. He published numerous religious works in rapid succession meant for lesser clergy at prices that insured wide circulation. The best known of these are: Scripturae sacrae cursus completus ("complete course in sacred scripture") which assembled a wide repertory of commentaries on each of the books of the Bible, and Theologiae cursus, each of them in 28 vols, 1840-5; Collection des auteurs sacrés (100 vols., 1846-8); Encyclopédie théologique (171 vols., 1844-6).

米涅相信新聞的力量和信息廣泛傳播的價值。1836年，他在位於巴黎郊區的第14行政區的小蒙魯日開瞭一傢大型出版社，取名天主堂印書局。他接連出版瞭大量的宗教著作，這些著作因其低廉的價格而得到瞭廣泛的流通。其中最著名的有:《聖經完整教程》，這套書廣泛匯集瞭對聖經每一卷的註釋和神學傢的教程，每個人都有28卷，1840年5月出版；《聖經作者集》，（共100卷，1846-8出版）；《神學百科全書》（共171卷，1844-6出版）。

The three great series that have made his reputation were Patrologiae cursus completus, Latin series (Patrologia Latina) in 221 vols. (1844–55); Greek series (Patrologia Graeca), first published in Latin (85 vols., 1856–57); then published with Greek text and Latin translation (165 vols., 1857–58). Though scholars have always criticised them, these hastily edited, inexpensive, and widely distributed texts have only slowly been replaced during a century and a half with more critically edited modern editions. Though the cheap paper of the originals has made them fragile today, the scope of the Patrologia still makes it unique and valuable, when modern editions do not yet exist. It is a far more complete collection of Patristic and later literature than anything that has appeared subsequently or is likely to. To create so much so quickly, Migne reprinted the best or latest earlier editions available to him. In the PG the Latin translations were often made in the renaissance before any Greek text had been printed, and so do not necessarily match the Greek text very accurately. The indexes themselves are useful for locating references in the patristic writings.

使他聲名鵲起的三大系列是《神父課程全集》，拉丁文系列（《拉丁神父全集》）221卷，1844-55年出版；希臘語系列（《希臘神父全集》），首次以拉丁語出版(共85卷)。1856 - 57);然後又出版瞭希臘文本和拉丁文譯本(165卷)。1857 - 58)。盡管學者們一直在批評這套系列，但在一個半世紀的時間裡，這些倉促編輯的、廉價的、廣泛傳播的文本隻是以一種緩慢的速度被新編的更具批判性的現代版本所取代。盡管原作的廉價紙張使其在今天變得易脆不好保存，但現代版本尚不存在的情況下，《神父課程全集》的內容仍然具有獨特的價值。與後來出現或可能出現的任何作品相比，這部有關教父和其後世文獻的文集要完整得多。為瞭快速創作出如此多的作品，米涅再版瞭他所能獲取到的最好或最新的早期版本。在文藝復興時期，《希臘神父全集》拉丁語的翻譯通常是在任何希臘文文本印刷之前完成的，因此不一定做到與希臘文文本非常精確地匹配。索引本身對於查找教父著作中的參考文獻很有用。

The collection is available through Google Books and archive.org.

這些作品集可以通過谷歌圖書和http://archive.org獲得。

繪畫工作室（Studio of paintings）

His publishing house was complemented during the Second Empire by painter artists' workhalls for the decoration of churches: three of their main works, in the style of Eugène Delacroix, still remain in the choir of the church of Saint John the Baptist of Audresselles in Pas de Calais, France.

他的出版社在法蘭西第二帝國時期得到瞭來自畫傢和藝術傢的裝飾教堂的工作室作品的補充:他們的三部主要作品，屬於歐仁·德拉克羅瓦的風格，作品仍保留在法國北部-加萊海峽區的歐德雷塞勒的浸信會聖約翰教堂的唱詩班中。

與出版界和天主教會的鬥爭（Struggle with publishing and the Catholic church）

Migne bypassed the bookselling establishment with direct subscriptions. His Imprimerie Catholique developed into the largest privately held press in France. However, on the night of 12–13 February 1868, a devastating fire, which began in the printing plant, destroyed Migne's establishment, which was also producing religious objects. Despite his insurance contracts, Migne was only able to retrieve a pittance.

米涅用直接訂閱的方式繞過瞭圖書銷售機構。他的天主堂印書局發展成瞭法國最大的私人出版社。然而，在1868年2月12日至13日晚，一場從印刷廠開始的毀滅性大火摧毀瞭米涅的公司，這傢工廠同時也生產宗教用品。盡管他簽瞭保險合同，但隻能得到微薄的賠償。

Shortly afterwards Mgr Georges Darboy, archbishop of Paris, forbade the continuance of the business, and even suspended him from his priestly functions. The Franco-Prussian War of 1870 inflicted further losses. Then from the curia of Pope Pius IX came a decree condemning the use of mass stipends to purchase books, which specifically called out Migne and his publications.

不久之後，巴黎大主教、部門經理喬治·達博伊禁止公司繼續營業，甚至暫停瞭米涅的牧師職責。1870年爆發的普法戰爭造成瞭更大的損失。接著，教皇庇護九世的教廷頒佈瞭一項法令，譴責神職人員使用大量薪金購買書籍的行為，其中特別提到瞭米涅和他的出版物。

Migne died without ever having regained his former prosperity, and his Imprimerie Catholique passed in 1876 into the hands of Garnier Frères.

米涅去世時，還沒有恢復他以前的繁榮，1876年，他的天主堂印書局也轉移到加爾兄弟出版社。

The Patrologia Latina and the Patrologia Graeca, (along with the Monumenta Germaniae Historica) are among the great 19th century contributions to the scholarship of patristics and the Middle Ages. Within the Roman Catholic Church, Migne's editions put many original texts for the first time into the hands of the priesthood.

《拉丁神父全集》和《希臘神父全集》(以及《日耳曼歷史文獻匯編》)是19世紀的學者對教父研究和中世紀學術做出的偉大貢獻。米涅的版本首次將許多原始文本帶至在羅馬天主教堂內的神職人員手中。

以上內容來源於:維基百科

http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.P.%20Migne