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voucher 憑證

posting 過賬

general ledger account/subsidiray account

asset account資產賬戶

debt ratio 資產負債率

current ratio 流動比率

profit margin 利潤率

net income 凈收益

turnover 營業額

contribution margin 邊際貢獻/貢獻毛益

financial leverage 財務杠桿

general jounral entry 普通日記賬分錄

fair value 公允價值

book value 賬面價值

face value 債權的面值

par value 股票面值

deferral and accurral:

prepaid expenses,

depreciation,

accured expenses,

accrued revenues,

unearned revenues.

預付費用，折舊，應計費用，應計收入，預收費用

insurance premium 保險費

source document 原始憑證

prepaid expense 預付費用

unearned revenue 預收收入

chart of accounts 科目表

journalizing 記日記賬

trial balance 試算表

adjustment 賬項調整

adjusting the accounts 調整賬戶

praparing the statements 編制報表

completing the accounting cycle

accounting period 會計期間

time period principle 會計分期

fiscal year 財政年度

a fiscal year is any consecutive 12month period

interim financial reports are prepared monthly or quarterly.

the purpose of making adjustments is to ensure that the information on accounting statements is comparable from period to period

adjustments are required to match:

associated revenues with their related costs;revenues and expenses to their time periods

The adjustments process is based on the following two accounting principles:

The revenue recognition principle states that revenues are recorded when earned,and the amount of revenue recorded equals the cash value of the goods or services transferred to the customer;

The matching principle states that expenses should be deducted from the revenues earned in the same period.

accrual bassis/cash bassis 權責發生制/收付實現制

enter the transaction 錄入交易

the accrual bassis of accounting matches revenues earned with expenses incurred

GAAP :GENERAL ACCEPTED ACOUNTING PRINCIPLE 一般公認會計原則

adjusting entry 調整分錄

insurance policy 保險單

unexpired premium

reported as an asset

understate/overstate 低估/高估

Adjusting entries can be divided into deferrals and accruals.Each adjustment affects both the balance sheet and the income statement.The adjustment can be further divided into five categories:prepaid expenses,depreciation,accrued expenses,accrued revenues and unearned revenues.