(本文是《魔方英语语法》第五章第四节。已经登记版权,请勿用于商业用途。)
(大家可别小看了这两个词的区别!许多语法书能讲十几二十条细则,你就慢慢背吧!如,郭凤高《英语语法实践指南》整整讲了4页。五三英语《高中英语语法全解》整整讲了2大页。但是用本书的这两条原理,可以把那些所有细则全部推导出来。可谓“一句顶十句”,真正的以简驭繁。)
①will表示主语意志(即是主语的意愿)。would根据情况译为“愿意;过去常常”。
②shall表示非主语意志(即不是主语的意愿)。should根据情况译为“必须;应该”等。
●I will/(shall×) never do that again.(第一人称陈述句)(是主语I的意志,所以用will。不能用shall,因为不能自己(说话者是I)命令自己(主语是I)。)
●You shall/should go to class right away.(第二人称陈述句)
(是说话人的意志,而不是主语You的意志,所以用shall)。
●If you will (=be willing to) make another try,I will do everything to help you.(是主语you的意志,所以用will。注意,此处will不是表示将来,所以也就没有“主将从现”)
●Each citizen shall carry his identification card when travelling.(第三人称陈述句)
(是制定这个规定的人意志,而不是主语Each citizen的意志,所以用shall。这种用法常见于法律条文、规定和协议中,表示警告、命令,可译为“必须”。)
●Shall I phone you this evening? Yes,please.(第一人称疑问句)
(是听话者的意志,而不是主语I的意志,所以用shall)。
●Will/Would you tell me the way to the station?(第二人称疑问句)
(是主语you的意志,所以用will。would较委婉)。
●Shall he start at once or wait for a while?(第三人称疑问句)
(是听话者的意志,而不是主语he的意志,所以用shall)。
●I will be drowned, and no one shall save me.我要淹死自己,任何人不得救我。
●I shall be drowned, and no one will save me.我快淹死了,没人救我。
●He will sit there hour after hour doing nothing.(是主语He的意志,所以用will)
●He shall have the book when I finish it.(是说话人的意志,而不是主语He的意志,用shall)
题组(will /shall表示“意愿”)
1. — Goodbye, John. Come back again sometime.—Sure. ____.(2012,四川)
A. I did B. I do C. I shall D. I will 分析:是主语(I)的意志,用will。选D。
2. “What do you want to be?” asked Mrs. Crawford. “Oh, I____ president,” said the boy, with a smile.(2013,湖南) A.have been B.am C.was D.will be 分析:是主语(I)的意志,用will。选D。
3. —The room is so dirty, ____ we clean it?—Of course.(北京高考题)
A.will B.shall C.would D.do 分析:是对方的意志,不是主语(we)的意志,用shall。选B。
4. 一 What does the sign over there read?一 "No person ____ smoke or carry a lighted
cigarette,cigar or pipe in this area."(2007,四川) A. will B. may C. shall D. must 是制定规则的人的意志,不是主语(person)的意志,用shall。选C。
5. One of our rules is that every student wear school uniform while at school. (2012,辽宁).
A. might B. could C. shall D. will
句意:根据学校规定学生在校时都必须要穿校服。解析:是校方的意志,不是主语(student)的意志,用shall。选C。
6. Some young people these days just ____ go out of their homes to
contact the real world. (2011,上海春). A. mustn’t B. won’t C.mightn’t D. shouldn’t
句意:现在一些年轻人就是不愿意走出家门接触真正的世界。
解析: 表示主语(some young people)的意志(不愿意)用will。选B。
7. — Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.— You _____ have my computer if you don't take care of it.(2004,湖南) A. shan't B. might not C. needn't D.
shouldn't 选A。
8. Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, butsay where he was. (2012,江苏)
A.mustn't B. shouldn't C. wouldn't D. mightn't
句意:几天后,我哥哥打电话说他一切很好,但不愿意说他在哪儿。
解析:表示主语意志,用will/would。选C。
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allow 及物动词 1)允许,准许,同义词:permit, let 例句: She allowed me to interview her. 她允许我采访她。 2)同意给 ...