罗卡角(葡萄牙语:Cabo da Roca)是葡萄牙境内一个毗邻大西洋的海岬,是整个欧亚大陆的最西南点,但实际上葡萄牙国土最西点是在亚速尔群岛。
罗卡角的北面日落时的海景
罗卡角位于北纬38度47分,西经9度30分,距离里斯本大约40公里。人们在罗卡角140米高的山崖上建了一座灯塔和一个面向大洋的十字架。碑上以葡萄牙语写有著名的一句话:“陆止于此、海始于斯”(葡萄牙语:Onde a terra acaba e o mar começa)。
从里斯本沿海岸驱车一个半小时可到达罗卡角,途中会经过葡萄牙著名的海港城市卡斯凯什。
海岬[注:“岬”,拼音:jiǎ,注音:ㄧㄚˇ,音同“甲”]或陆岬、海角,台语称海鼻(台湾话:hái-phīⁿ),是一片三面环海的陆地。面积大的海岬则为半岛。与海岬相对的是三面环陆的海湾。
卡斯凯什(葡萄牙语:Cascais)是位于葡萄牙西部里斯本大区的一座沿海城市,面积97.4平方公里,人口181,444人。
Coordinates: 38°42′N 9°25′W
Cascais (Portuguese pronunciation: [kɐʃˈkajʃ]) is a town and municipality in the Lisbon District of Portugal, located on the Portuguese Riviera. The municipality has a total of 214,158 inhabitants in an area of 97.40 km2. Cascais is an important tourist destination. Its marina hosts events such as the America's Cup and the town of Estoril, part of the Cascais municipality, hosts conferences such as the Horasis Global Meeting.
Flag、Coat of arms
Along the coast west of Boca do Inferno
Palacete Seixas
King Carlos I Ave.
Praia do Guincho
Marechal Carmona Park
View of Cascais and Estoril
Cascais's history as a popular seaside resort originated in the 1870s, when King Luís I of Portugal and the Portuguese royal family made the seaside town their residence every September, thus also attracting members of the Portuguese nobility, who established a summer community there. Cascais is known for the many members of royalty who have lived there, including King Edward VIII of the United Kingdom, when he was the Duke of Windsor, King Juan Carlos I of Spain, and King Umberto II of Italy. Exiled Cuban president Fulgencio Batista was also once a resident of the municipality. The Casino Estoril inspired Ian Fleming's first James Bond novel Casino Royale.
The municipality is one of the wealthiest in both Portugal and the Iberian Peninsula. It has one of the most expensive real estate markets and one of the highest costs of living in the country, and is consistently ranked highly for its quality of life.
Coast view of Cascais, Portugal.
Human settlement of the territory today known as Cascais dates to the late Paleolithic, as indicated by remnants encountered in the north of Talaíde, in Alto do Cabecinho (Tires) and south of Moinhos do Cabreiro. It was during the Neolithic that permanent settlements were established in the region, their inhabitants utilizing the natural grottoes (such as the Caves of Poço Velho in Cascais) and artificial shelters (like those in Alapraia or São Pedro) to deposit their dead. The bodies were buried along with offerings, a practice that continued to the Chalcolithic.
Roman interventions in the area occurred with the settlement of the villae of Freiria (today São Domingos de Rana) and Casais Velhos (Charneca), evidence for which includes a group of ten tanks discovered along the Rua Marques Leal Pancada in Cascais, which was the location of a salting factory for fish. Roman dominion over the territory also influenced place names in the region, as was the case with the word "Caparide" (from the Latin capparis, meaning "caper"), as well as several inscriptions associated with funerary graves.
The Visigoths also left their mark especially on the Visigothic Cemetery of Alcoitão, as well as in the late-Roman and medieval necropolis of Talaíde.
Similarly, Muslim settlers in the region left their mark on local place names, including "Alcoitão" and "Alcabideche", where the romantic poet Ibn Muqana al-Qabdaqi, who wrote of the region's agriculture and windmills, was born at the beginning of the 11th century. The discovery of several corpses in 1987 at Arneiro, in Carcavelos, led to the identification of fifteen burials that, due to their characteristics, made it possible to verify that the individuals buried there were of Berber origin.
The development of Cascais began in earnest in the 12th century, when it was administratively subordinate to the town of Sintra, located to the north. In its humble beginnings, Cascais depended on the products of the sea and land, but by the 13th century its fish production was also supplying the nearby city of Lisbon. The toponym "Cascais" appears to derive from this period, a plural derivation of cascal (monte de cascas) which signified a "mountain of shells", referring to the abundant volume of marine mollusks harvested from the coastal waters. During the 14th century, the population spread outside the walls of its fortress castle.
Center of Cascais (King Peter I statue).
The settlement's prosperity led to its administrative independence from Sintra in 1364. On 7 June 1364, the people of Cascais obtained from King Peter I the elevation of the village to the status of town, necessitating the appointment of local judges and administrators. The townspeople were consequently obligated to pay the Crown 200 pounds of gold annually, as well as bearing the expense of paying the local administrators' salaries. Owing to the regions' wealth, these obligations were easily satisfied. The town and the surrounding lands were owned by a succession of feudal lords, the most famous of whom was João das Regras (died 1404), a lawyer and professor of the University of Lisbon who was involved in the ascension of King John I to power as the first King of the House of Aviz.
The castle of Cascais was likely constructed during this period, since by 1370, King Ferdinand had donated the castle and Cascais to Gomes Lourenço de Avelar to hold as a seigneurial fiefdom. These privileges were then passed on to his successors, among them João das Regras and the Counts of Monsanto, and later the Marquess of Cascais. Meanwhile, despite its conquest and sack by Castilian forces in 1373, and blockade of the port in 1382 and 1384, Cascais continued to grow beyond its walls. By the end of the 14th century this resulted in the creation of the parishes of Santa Maria de Cascais, São Vicente de Alcabideche and São Domingos de Rana.
A 1572 sketch of the coast of Cascais.
From the Middle Ages onward, Cascais depended on fishing, maritime commerce (it was a stop for ships sailing to Lisbon), and agriculture, producing wine, olive oil, cereals, and fruits. Due to its location at the mouth of the Tagus estuary, it was also seen as a strategic post in the defence of Lisbon. Around 1488, King John II built a small fortress in the town, situated by the sea. On 15 November 1514, Manuel I conceded a foral (charter) to Cascais, instituting the region's municipal authority. It was followed on 11 June 1551 by a license from King John III to institutionalise the Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Cascais. The Mother Church of Cascais, the Church of Nossa Senhora da Assunção, dates back to the early 16th century. The town's medieval fortress was inadequate to repel invasions, and in 1580 Spanish troops led by the Duque of Alba took the village during the conflict that led to the union of the Portuguese and Spanish crowns. The fortress was enlarged towards the end of the 16th century by King Philip I (Philip II of Spain), turning it into a typical Renaissance citadel with the characteristic flat profile and star-shaped floorplan. Following the Portuguese restoration in 1640, a dozen bulwarks and redoubts were constructed under the direction of the Count of Cantanhede, who oversaw the defences of the Tagus estuary, the gateway to the city of Lisbon. Of these structures, the citadel of Cascais, which was constructed alongside the fortress of Our Lady of Light, considerably reinforced the strategic defences of the coast.
View of the Count’s of Castro Guimarães Palace in Cascais, Portugal.
In 1755, the great Lisbon earthquake destroyed a large portion of the city. Around 1774, the Marquis of Pombal, prime-minister of King José I, took protective measures for the commercialisation of the wine of Carcavelos and established the Royal Factory of Wool in the village, which existed until the early 19th century. During the invasion of Portugal by Napoleonic troops in 1807, the citadel of Cascais was occupied by the French, with General Junot staying some time in the village.
In 1862, the Visconde da Luz built a summer house in Cascais. He and a group of friends also organized the construction of a road from Cascais to Oeiras, effectively linking Cascais to Lisbon, and also promoted other improvements to the town. As a result of these improvement, King Luís I decided to make Cascais into his summer residence and, from 1870 to 1908, the Portuguese royal family from the House of Braganza-Saxe-Coburg and Gotha spent part of the summer in Cascais to enjoy the sea, turning the quiet fishing village into a cosmopolitan address. Thanks to King Luís, the citadel was equipped with the country's first electric lights in 1878. Cascais also benefited from the construction of a better road to Sintra, a bullfight ring, a sports club, and improvements to basic infrastructure for the population. Many noble families built impressive mansions in an eclectic style commonly referred to as summer architecture, many of which are still to be seen in the town centre and environs. The first railway arrived in 1889. Another important step in the development of the area was made in the first half of the 20th century with the building of a casino and infrastructure in neighbouring Estoril.
Condes de Castro Guimarães Museum
In 1882 Cascais installed one of the first tide gauges in Europe in order to assist with navigation into the port of Lisbon. In 1896, King Carlos I, a lover of all maritime activities, installed in the citadel the first oceanographic laboratory in Portugal. The King himself led a total of 12 scientific expeditions to the coast; these ended in 1908 after his assassination in Lisbon.
Due to Portugal's neutrality in World War II and the town's elegance and royal past, Cascais became home to many of the exiled royal families of Europe, including those of Spain (House of Bourbon), Italy (House of Savoy), Hungary and Bulgaria. Their stories are told at the Exiles Memorial Centre.
Nowadays, Cascais and its surroundings are a popular vacation spot for the Portuguese as well as for the international jet set and regular foreign tourists, all of them drawn by its fine beaches. The town hosts many international events, including sailing and surfing. In 2018 it was the European Youth Capital.
View of the municipality
View of Cascais Bay
Praia da Rainha (Queen’s Beach), a beach in the centre of Cascais.
Cascais is situated on the western edge of the Tagus estuary, between the Sintra mountains and the Atlantic Ocean; the territory occupied by the municipality is limited in the north by the municipality of Sintra, south and west by the ocean, and east by the municipality of Oeiras.
Administratively, the municipality is divided into 4 civil parishes (freguesias), with municipal authority vested in the Câmara Municipal of Cascais:
Cascais' coastline is home to 17 beaches. These are:
Guincho Beach and Carcavelos Beach are especially well known as good surf spots. Close to Praia do Guincho is the Cresmina Dune, which is an unstable dune system due to the constant drifting of sand particles caused by strong winds.
Cascais has a Mediterranean climate (Köppen: Csb) with mild, wet winters and warm, dry summers. Moderated by the Atlantic and the typical urban heat island of a city, temperatures in Cascais rarely get below 5 °C (41 °F) or above 30 °C (86 °F).
Horasis Global Meeting Reception at the Hotel Palácio Estoril, 2016.
Saint Martha’s Lighthouse and the House of Saint Mary (Casa de Santa Maria)
Cascais is easily reached from Lisbon by car on the A5 Lisbon-Cascais highway, or alternatively on the scenic "marginal" road, as well as by frequent inexpensive commuter trains. Taxis are also a common and inexpensive mode of transport in the area. The city has the ruins of a castle, an art museum and an ocean museum, as well as parks and the cobbled streets of the historic centre. The town has many hotels and tourist apartments as well as many good restaurants of varying cost. It is a fine base to use for those visiting Lisbon and its environs who prefer to stay outside of the city.
Cascais ranks 9th in population density and 6th in percentage of population employed among Portuguese municipalities.
Cascais is surrounded by popular beaches. Guincho Beach to the northwest is primarily a surfing, windsurfing, and kitesurfing beach because of the prevailing winds and sea swells, while the calm waters of the beaches to the east attract sunbathers. The lush Sintra mountains to the north are a further attraction. The shoreline to the west has cliffs, attracting tourists who come for the panoramic views of the sea and other natural sights such as the Boca do Inferno. It is also becoming a popular golf destination, with over 10 golf courses nearby.
A large marina with 650 berths was opened in 1999 and has since held many sailing events. It was the official host of the 2007 ISAF Sailing World Championships for dinghies and racing yachts. The municipality also hosts international tennis and motorcycling events and for many years hosted the FIA F1 Portugal Grand Prix at the Estoril race track. The Estoril Casino is one of the largest in Europe. Near the casino is the "Hotel Palácio" (Palace Hotel), where scenes of the James Bond movie On Her Majesty's Secret Service were shot.
In 2017 the municipality started charging a small tourist tax, as the city had become one of the most visited destinations in Portugal. It is estimated that around 1.2 million tourists stay in the city's hotels each year (2016).
The Cascais Aerodrome in Tires (São Domingos de Rana) serves general aviation and also offers domestic scheduled flights by Aero VIP.
The Carcavelos community houses the Saint Julian's School, a British international school.
The Estoril community hosts a kindergarten and elementary school campus of the German School of Lisbon.
Outeiro de Polima, São Domingos de Rana, in Cascais, houses Saint Dominic's International School.
The Gil Vicente theatre dates back to 1869. In its early years it was frequently attended by Portugal's royal family. The Cascais Experimental Theatre was established in 1965 and has presented more than a hundred shows since then. Over the years Cascais has developed several art galleries and museums. These are concentrated in a relatively small area of the town, mainly in parkland. Combined, they are known as The Museum Quarter. Several occupy large buildings that were formerly private residences and were subsequently taken over and restored by the Municipality. Entrance is either free or for a small fee (usually not more than €4). The galleries and museums are:
Cascais is twinned with:
Villa Italia was the abode of the exiled King of Italy for forty years in Cascais, now used as a hotel
Umberto II, 1944
Casino Royale is the first novel by the British author Ian Fleming. Published in 1953, it is the first James Bond book, and it paved the way for a further eleven novels and two short story collections by Fleming, followed by numerous continuation Bond novels by other authors.
Casino Royale was inspired by certain incidents that took place during Fleming's wartime career at the Naval Intelligence Division (NID), or by events of which he was aware. On a trip to Portugal, en route to the United States, Fleming and the NID Director, Admiral Godfrey, went to the Estoril Casino. Because of Portugal's neutral status, Estoril's population had been swelled by spies and agents from the warring regimes. Fleming claimed that while there he was cleaned out by a "chief German agent" at a table playing chemin de fer. Godfrey told a different story: that Fleming only played Portuguese businessmen, and afterwards fantasised about playing against German agents.
The failed attempt to kill Bond at Royale-Les-Eaux was inspired by Fleming's knowledge of the attempted assassination of Franz von Papen, Vice-Chancellor of Germany and an ambassador under Hitler. Both Papen and Bond survived their assassination attempts, carried out by Bulgarians, because trees protected them from the blasts. Fleming also included four references in the novel to "Red Indians", including twice on the last page, which came from a unit of commandos, known as No. 30 Commando or 30 Assault Unit (30AU), composed of specialist intelligence troops. The unit was Fleming's idea, and he nicknamed the troops his "Red Indians", although they disliked the name.
Hoagy Carmichael: Fleming's view of James Bond
The lead character of Casino Royale is James Bond, an agent of the Secret Service. Fleming initially named the character James Secretan before he appropriated the name of James Bond, author of the ornithology guide, Birds of the West Indies. Fleming explained to the ornithologist's wife "that this brief, unromantic, Anglo-Saxon and yet very masculine name was just what I needed, and so a second James Bond was born". He further explained that "When I wrote the first one in 1953, I wanted Bond to be an extremely dull, uninteresting man to whom things happened; I wanted him to be a blunt instrument … when I was casting around for a name for my protagonist I thought by God, [James Bond] is the dullest name I ever heard."
Fleming decided that Bond should resemble both the American singer Hoagy Carmichael and himself, and in the novel Lynd remarks that "Bond reminds me rather of Hoagy Carmichael, but there is something cold and ruthless." According to Andrew Lycett, Fleming's biographer, "within the first few pages … [Fleming] had introduced most of Bond's idiosyncrasies and trademarks", which included his looks, his Bentley and his smoking and drinking habits. The full details of Bond's martini were kept until chapter seven of the book and Bond eventually named it "The Vesper", after Lynd. Bond's order, to be served in a deep champagne goblet, was for "three measures of Gordon's, one of vodka, half a measure of Kina Lillet. Shake it very well until it's ice-cold, then add a large thin slice of lemon peel."
Speaking of Bond's origins, Fleming said that "he was a compound of all the secret agents and commando types I met during the war", although the author gave many of his own traits to the character. Bond's tastes are often taken from Fleming's own, as is some of his behaviour: Fleming used the casino to introduce Bond in his first novel because "skill at gambling and knowledge of how to behave in a casino were seen … as attributes of a gentleman". Lycett sees much of Bond's character as being "wish fulfilment" by Fleming.
《007:大战皇家赌场》(英语:Casino Royale)是Eon制片公司制作的第21部詹姆斯·邦德系列电影,也是丹尼尔·克雷格首次出演虚构秘密情报局特工詹姆斯·邦德,由马丁·坎贝尔执导,尼尔·珀维斯、罗伯特·韦德和保罗·哈吉斯编剧,是伊恩·弗莱明1953年同名小说的第3部改编影视作品,于2006年上映。本片以邦德刚刚成为007号特务、正在努力获取杀人执照时开场。成功阻止迈阿密国际机场的一起恐怖主义袭击后,邦德受命参加恐怖分子筹办的高额度扑克赌局,并在这一过程中爱上负责提供所需赌金的财政部雇员薇丝朋·琳德。影片的故事情节将在下一部邦德片《007:大破量子危机》(2008年)中延续。
2005年10月14日,Eon制片公司、索尼影视娱乐和米高梅在伦敦举行的记者招待会上宣布,克雷格将成为第6位扮演詹姆斯·邦德的男演员。身穿西装的克雷格先从贝尔法斯特号登上英国皇家海军陆战队的一艘强悍突击者小艇前往“总统号”,并在这里正式向全世界的媒体亮相。这一决定引来大量争议,一些影评人和影迷对制片人的这一决策是否明智提出质疑。电影的整个制作期间,互联网上出现诸如其中文字意为“丹尼尔·克雷格不是邦德”之类的网站内容,表达影迷对这一决定的失望,并且威胁会抵制本片以示抗议。抗议人士认为,克雷格并不像之前的演员那样符合他们已经习惯的邦德形象,即高大、皮肤黝黑、英俊、魅力十足。《每日镜报》刊出批评克雷格的头版新闻,标题上写道:“(他)名叫布兰德(Bland,意为‘平淡无奇’)——詹姆斯·布兰德”(The Name's Bland – James Bland)。
下一个选角的重要角色是邦德女郎慧丝柏·莲。选角导演黛比·麦克威廉斯(Debbie McWilliams)表示,好莱坞女演员安吉丽娜·朱莉和查理兹·塞隆都曾是该角的“重点考虑”人选,比利时女演员西西·迪·法兰丝也曾参与试镜,但她的英国口音“没能达到标准”。奥黛丽·塔图也曾是考虑人选,但因她需要出演《达文西密码》而落选,该片于2006年5月上映。2006年2月16日,伊娃·格林确定将成为新一任邦德女郎。
克雷格在威尼斯参加电影拍摄。
《大战皇家赌场》的主体拍摄工作于2006年1月3日拉开帷幕,同年7月20日结束。影片的大部分外景都是在布拉格的巴兰多夫电影制片厂拍摄,还有在巴哈马、意大利和英国取景,最终在松林制片厂结束。
迈克尔·G·威尔森起初确认称《大战皇家赌场》应该会在布拉格或南非拍摄,但Eon制片公司在争取南非的拍摄地点期间遇到很多困难。别无选择之下,制片人们开始重新考虑外景地点。2005年9月,马丁·坎贝尔和摄影总监菲尔·梅豪在天堂岛实地考察,考虑在这里取景。2005年10月6日,坎贝尔确认影片会在巴哈马取景,还有可能前往意大利。除多个外景拍摄地外,包括编舞和特技协调在内的电影制作都是在布拉格的巴兰多夫电影制片厂和英国松林制片厂进行,拍摄期间还动用松林制片厂包括007片场在内的多个片场系统。剧组还计划在萨里郡的邓斯福尔德机场、伊顿公学的板球馆,以及贝德福德郡的米尔布鲁克汽车试验场取景拍摄,不过在伊顿公学所拍的镜头之后遭到剪除,没有出现在最终的电影中。
捷克共和国卡罗维发利的普普大饭店。
布拉格的拍摄工作完成后,剧组转战巴哈马,于2到3月在新普罗维登斯岛周围多个地点拍摄,其中又以天堂岛时间最长。片中乌干达姆巴莱的戏段是在于2006年7月4日在白金汉郡郊野公园布莱克公园拍摄完成的。剧组还有在高尔夫球手厄尼·艾尔斯和老虎伍兹的奥尔巴尼庄园取景。剧组又在4月回到捷克共和国,继续在布拉格、普拉纳和洛克特拍摄,最终于5月在卡罗维发利收尾,卡罗维发利的一处水疗中心和普普大饭店一起成为电影中“斯普莱迪德酒店”的外景拍摄地。意大利的主要外景地是威尼斯,电影片尾的大部分外景都是源于此地。影片后半部分的其它镜头大多是于5月下旬到6月上旬在科莫湖畔的德尔巴尔比阿内洛别墅(Villa del Balbianello)拍摄。此外剧组还有在湖畔小镇梅纳焦附近的拉加埃塔别墅(Villa la Gaeta)等地取景。
2006年7月30日,007片场发生火灾并遭受严重破坏,由于事件发生时《大战皇家赌场》的拍摄已完成一个星期,外景已经进入拆除阶段,因此没有对影片的发行产生影响。2006年8月11日,松林制片厂确认不会试图挽救片场遗迹,而是会从头开始重建。
平面设计师丹尼尔·克雷曼(Daniel Kleinman)以1953年英国第一版《皇家赌场》小说的封面为灵感设计了本片的片头字幕段落,其中包括伊恩·弗莱明的原创设计,一张扑克牌的边缘有8颗正在滴血的红心(红桃)。克雷曼表示:“这些红心不但代表着扑克牌,还代表了邦德爱情故事的磨难。所以我以此为灵感,用不同形式的扑克牌图像来组合成片头字幕”,例如用黑桃代表开枪后产生的硝烟,削开的动脉血管中喷出数以千计的微小红心等。对于这段镜头的阴影图像,克雷曼先请伦敦一家视觉特效公司将克雷格和影片替身演员的镜头数字化,再把男主角的剪影融入超过20个复杂和创新性质的数字动画场景。克雷曼还决定不在片头字幕段落使用女性剪影这一在以往邦德电影片头中非常常见的元素,因为他认为这样的女性剪影与本片的理念和邦德恋爱的故事情节都不相符。
对于影片的其它部分,特殊效果和微型效果总监克里斯·科博德(Chris Corbould)决定大幅缩减数字特效的应用,采用更为现实的制作风格。他对此表示:“CGI是一种非常好、非常有用的工具,但我就是拼了这条命也要做一些真实的东西,这才是最好的方法”。片中主要应用到物理特效的3场戏分别是马达加斯加一幢建筑工地和迈阿密国际机场的追逐戏,以及威尼斯那幢房屋沉入水中的戏段,这些镜头的置景分别是在大运河和松林制片厂搭建。
剧组首先拍摄的是马达加斯加建筑工地的追逐戏,外景地是巴哈马一处废弃旅馆,迈克尔·G·威尔森早在1977年拍摄《007之海底城》期间就知道了这个地方。片中邦德正在追捕莫拉卡,开着挖土机撞进建筑物的混凝土基座。特技团队建造了一个模型,并提出了多种表现挖土机除去混凝土的可信方法,其中之一就是除去模型下方的支柱。他们还去掉了混凝土墙的一部分来适应挖土机的形状,再用钢筋强化混凝土墙。
迈阿密国际机场的追逐戏段有一部分是在萨里郡的邓斯福尔德机场拍摄,这里以英国疯狂汽车秀闻名,还有一些镜头则是在布拉格和迈阿密的机场拍摄。片中正在前进飞机的发动机所产生的推力把一辆警车吹飞到空中的镜头是由第二组的三位导演,伊恩·洛威(Ian Lowe)、特里·马登(Terry Madden)和亚历克斯·威特(Alex Witt)制作,他们把一股结实的引线电缆系在车辆后保险杠上,另一端连接到起重机,然后向车辆的后上方迅速将电缆完全拉直,令车辆飞到空中并远离飞机。
片中的S570飞机实际上是前英国航空的一架747-200B,注册编号G-BDXJ,其发动机已经去除,并且为了在片中亮相还经过了改装。改装后的飞机用外接油箱取代外部发动机,内部发动机则用模型代替。驾驭舱的轮廓也做了改动,让这架747看起来像是某种更先进客机的样机。
电影高潮戏段中威尼斯那套房屋沉入水中的场景中包括有历史上为邦德片构建的最大鉆机。邦德在这场戏中跟踪慧丝柏进入一幢正在装修、仅用充气囊支撑的房屋,剧组先是在松林制片厂007片场建造了一个蓄水池,还建有一个威尼斯式广场和三层高破旧房屋的内景。使用的鉆机重约90吨,配有电子和液压阀并由计算机系统紧密控制,因为鉆机的活动需要在两个轴线上进行主控。特效团队还以1比3的比例建造了倒入威尼斯运河房屋的外观模型,这个模型也是由同一计算机系统控制。鉆机里的电梯模型可以浸泡在5.8米深的水中,并使用压缩机严密控制其移动过程。
片中的阿斯顿马丁DBS V12实际上是基于阿斯顿马丁DB9改造而来。由于车辆的重心很低,所以米尔布鲁克试验场的道路上必须加入45厘米长的斜坡,驾驭车辆的替身演员亚当·科利(Adam Kirley)必须在撞车瞬间采用安置在驾驶员座椅背后的空气炮把车推成卷状。这辆车在拍摄时以超过每小时113公里的速度翻转了7次,2006年11月5日,吉尼斯世界纪录大全将此计入新的世界纪录中。
2006年11月14日,索尼古典发行了《大战皇家赌场》的原声带,其中包括资深作曲家大卫·阿诺德谱写的配乐,这也是他的第4张邦德电影原声带,乐曲编排和指挥由尼古拉斯·多德(Nicholas Dodd)进行。制片人迈克尔·G·威尔森和芭芭拉·布罗科利于2006年7月26日宣布,电影主题歌“You Know My Name”由声音花园乐队和音魔合唱团前主唱歌手克里斯·康奈尔创作和演唱。这首歌曲的主要音符在片中经常出现,取代了之前邦德片中的詹姆斯·邦德主题,代表着邦德的年轻气盛和经验不足。原本的经典主题只在片尾字幕时奏响,标志着人物情节的高潮。
2006年11月14日,《大战皇家赌场》同时在欧狄恩莱斯特广场、伦敦西区剧场和帝国剧院首映。英国女王伊丽莎白二世和爱丁堡公爵一起出席了首映式,成为继《007之雷霆谷》和《007之择日而亡》以来女王第三次出席邦德片首映。众演员和剧组成员以及多位名流也出席了首映式,还有5000名付费观众入场,首映收入的一半将捐赠给电影和电视慈善基金。
电影首映仅两天后,伦敦市场上就出现了盗版,对此反盗版联盟的基隆·夏普(Kieron Sharp)表示:“这部电影(的盗版)如此迅速地出现在街头巷尾,说明了英国盗版电影行业的成熟度和组织性”。这些盗版DVD的价格不到1.57英镑,甚至克雷格本人在北京街头行走时也碰上了这种DVD的推销,当时他戴了帽子和眼镜以免被人认出。
2007年1月,《大战皇家赌场》成为历史上首部在中国大陆电影院上映的邦德片。影片在该国上映前经过了更改,有关冷战的内容进行重新配音,并且考虑到中国观众对德州扑克可能不够熟悉,片中的赌局场景增加了新的对白来解释游戏规则,这样的做法与半个多世纪前电视剧增加对白来解释原著小说中巴卡拉游戏规则可谓异曲同工。《大战皇家赌场》于1月30日在该国468张银幕上映,共计进账1170万美元,其中上映首个周末收入的150万美元还创下该国非汉语电影的新纪录。
《007之择日而亡》曾因约20件置入性行销协议导致出现《007之择日再买》的讽刺批评,Eon为此减少了本片的促销力度,合作伙伴包括福特汽车、喜力比尔森(伊娃·格林出演了这一品牌的广告)、斯米诺伏特加、欧米茄表公司、维珍航空和索尼移动通信。
影片的全球票房达到5.99亿美元,在2006年世界电影票房排行榜上名列第4,也创下了詹姆斯·邦德系列电影的新纪录,直到2012年才被《007:大破天幕杀机》超越。
《大战皇家赌场》刚在英国上映就打破了多项纪录,首先是以170万英镑打破开映首日票房纪录,再以1337万零939英镑刷新上映首周纪录。最终本片共在该国收入5540万英镑,成为年度票房冠军,并且一直到2012年底仍然可以在英国电影历史票房总榜上排到第十位。
本片在美国开映第一天就登上了票房榜冠军宝座,收入1474万1135美元,整个周末则进账4083万3156美元,成为排行榜亚军,仅次于《快乐的大脚》。不过上映《大战皇家赌场》的电影院比《快乐的大脚》要少370家,平均每家电影院的收入为1万1890美元,超过了对手的1万零918美元。影片最终在北美市场收入了1.67亿美元,也创下当时邦德片的新纪录,这一纪录之后由《007:大破量子危机》以1亿6836万8427美元超越。
2006年11月18日,《大战皇家赌场》在27个国家一经上映就登上票房头把交椅,整个周末在除美国、爱尔兰、美国和加拿大以外的其他国家共计收入4340万7886美元。影片在世界电影票房冠军位置上保持了4个星期。
2007年3月16日,《大战皇家赌场》同步发行了DVD、UMD和蓝光光盘。影片于同一天在英国发行DVD和蓝光光盘。电影的DVD和蓝光光盘销量都刷新了记录:一区蓝光光盘版本创下销售最高的高清制式电影纪录,卖出了超过10万份。二区DVD版本创下了发行首周销售新纪录,DVD在英国的销售也继续保持良好势头,超过了160万份。此外,前50万名在PlayStation Network上注册的PAL制式PlayStation 3用户还可以获赠一套蓝光光盘版《大战皇家赌场》。电影DVD中包括官方发布的音乐影片,三部纪录片,分别详细描述了丹尼尔·克雷格成为邦德扮演者的经过、电影拍摄,以及纪录片《永远的邦德女郎》(Bond Girls Are Forever)的扩充版本,内含对本片演员的采访。
2008年10月31日,影片在英国发行了三碟版DVD套装,这时续作《007:大破量子危机》也正在影院上映。除2007年版本中的花絮内容外,这一珍藏版还包括一条评论音轨,多段删除镜头、花絮以及故事板和电影的对比。2008年末还发行了双碟版的蓝光光盘,其中有更多的补充内容,通过蓝光光盘实现增强的互动性,之前的5.1声道PCM音轨也替换成类似的5.1声道杜比TrueHD音轨。
《大战皇家赌场》在英国、德国和美国发行时受到了审查。影片在删除部分希弗斯的虐待和邦德对折磨的反应镜头后得到英国电影分级委员会的12分级。到了美国,影片为获得PG-13分级而不得不删减了两场动作戏:一场是邦德与叛变的秘密情报局间谍联络员费舍尔之间的打斗戏,另一场则是邦德在皇家赌场楼梯上与奥班诺的搏斗。德国版本把机场投放炸弹的恐怖分子扭断另一人脖子的镜头用了另一段内容代替。
影评人给予本片正面评价,特别是克雷格的表演和可信度。电影制作期间,媒体和公众曾对克雷格是否能演好这个角色进行讨论,因为这位男演员在形象上和伊恩·弗莱明描述的高大、皮肤黝黑、风流倜傥存在差异。《每日电讯报》将克雷格与肖恩·康纳利相比,称赞剧本创作体现了编剧的巧思,认为本片摆脱了系列原有的俗套。《泰晤士报》将克雷格与蒂莫西·道尔顿对比,称赞片中拥有“前卫”的动作场面,另一位影评人还特别赞扬了片中马达加斯加那场操作起重机的动作戏[80]。BBC影业评论员保罗·阿伦特(Paul Arendt)、《帝国杂志》的金·纽曼(Kim Newman)和《综艺》的托德·麦卡锡(Todd McCarthy)都称克雷格是第一位真正体现出原著角色特点的男演员:冷嘲热讽、残暴、冷酷。
影片在北美也获得了类似的良好回应。MSNBC给予本片五星级的完美评价。《好莱坞报道》称赞本片像《007之俄罗斯之恋》一样让詹姆斯·邦德“反璞归真”,把关注的重点放在人物和剧组上,而不是像受到强烈批评的《007之择日再死》中那样放在高科技小工具和视觉特效上。根据烂蕃茄上收集的247篇评论文章,其中234篇给出了“新鲜”的正面评价,“新鲜度”达95%,是这年所有大范围上映的电影中评价最高的一部,在该网站的所有邦德片中也可以排到第4位,仅次于新鲜度96%的《007之金手指》和《007之俄罗斯之恋》,以及新鲜度98%的《007之诺博士》。而Metacritic上收集的46篇评论文章中则有43篇好评,无差评,3篇褒贬不一,综合评分80(满分100)。《娱乐周刊》认为本片的表现可以在所有邦德片中排到第5位,并把慧丝柏·莲在所有邦德女郎中排第4。还有一些报纸专栏作家作家对克雷格的表演留下了深刻印象,认为他有可能获得一项奥斯卡金像奖提名。罗杰·埃伯特给予影片四星的高度评价(最高四星),这也是他首次给一部邦德片如此高的评分。他盛赞克雷格对邦德作出了“极好”的演绎,让这位被自己的工作和生活所伤的硬汉拥有了理智,仍然会在乎他人和是非对错,他也赞扬影片“对我所有针对这个45岁詹姆斯·邦德系列的不满都做出了解答”,特别是“为什么邦德片中的任何人都从来没有表现出过任何真实的情感”。《Time Out》周刊的乔舒亚·罗特科普夫(Joshua Rothkopf)称克雷格是“这一系列历史上最优秀的邦德”,称他的表演干净利落、可恨甚至让人想要对其大吼,“这是个搞砸了的邦德、一个流氓邦德、一个莽汉,而且在电影那令人叹为观止的惨淡结局之下,(他)还是一位毫无保留的爱人”。
《星期日先驱报》(Sunday Herald)的维姬·艾伦(Vicky Allan)认为,这部电影中的邦德已经性客体化,他在片中的爱人反而没有。片中他从大海里出现的镜头让人想起《007之诺博士》中的乌苏拉·安德丝(Ursula Andress),他觉得自己被慧丝柏·莲的批评玩弄了,“虽然在当今的主流电影中,让一个女性角色脱光了衣服去威胁要阉掉一个男性这几乎是无法想象的,但这正是(片中)邦德所遇到的情况。”所以,这部电影没有落入过去的俗套,让邦德女郎只是性对象,“曾经所向披靡的詹姆斯·邦德就像变成了肉类市场上的一块肉”。《颤抖执照》(License to Thrill)一书作者,莱斯特大学的詹姆斯·查普曼(James Chapman)也有同样看法,他认为克雷格诠释的邦德就象是篇“尚未润色的文章”,觉得这个邦德“缺乏幽默感”,这点上与弗莱明的描写接近,但“弗莱明的邦德并不喜欢杀戮,(而)克雷格的邦德看起来似乎对此津津乐道”。安德鲁·萨里斯(Andrew Sarris)在《纽约观察家报》(The New York Observer)上写道,这部邦德片是整个系列中“真正第一部我会认真考虑列入自己年度十大佳片的作品。我甚至觉得丹尼尔·克雷格是6位饰演过007的男演员中最有效率、最吸引人的一个,这其中甚至还包括肖恩·康纳利”。
罗杰·摩尔写道:“丹尼尔·克雷格在《大战皇家赌场》中的首次亮相就给我留下了如此深刻的印象,这个角色更加坚韧不拔,更加粗鲁和边缘化,我觉得(即便是)康纳利也难以做到,只能放弃。在我们看来,克雷格(对这个角色)的解读可谓前所未见,吉米·邦德正在努力证明自己的能力,但在这个过程中也犯过错误。M批评他的内容也是耐人寻味,就像师长训斥调皮的学童一样。剧本中把他表现成一个脆弱、陷入困境并且也有缺点的角色,这和我(演)的邦德完全相反!克雷格曾经是,现在也还是伊恩·弗莱明在书中所描绘的那个邦德——一台心狠手辣的杀人机器,这正是大家想要的邦德。”摩尔为此甚至还购买了本片的DVD。创作了9部邦德小说的雷蒙德·本森(Raymond Benson)盛赞《大战皇家赌场》是“一部完美的邦德片”。
也有部分影评人对本片褒贬不一。http://eFilmCritic.com网站的罗布·贡萨尔维斯(Rob Gonsalves)虽然给予影片正面评价,但也认为影片在动作和“现实主义”上的表现与观众期待不符,失去了他们钟爱的老邦德片的灵魂,这点上可能正像杰森·伯恩系列电影一样。《商业诉求报》(The Commercial Appeal)的约翰·贝福斯(John Beifuss)表示:“谁会想看邦德因为自负受到教训,就像他是《拼命郎约翰尼》里面的格雷格·布雷迪(Greg Brady)那样吗?”。《纽约客》的安东尼·莱恩(Anthony Lane)对角色表现了出更多不完美之处和自我意识感到不满,称“换言之,即便是詹姆斯·邦德也想成为007”。
美国电台时事评论员兼影评人迈克尔·米德维(Michael Medved)给予影片三星评价(最高四星),称赞影片“耐人寻味、大胆创新而且非常有原创性……与之前的007电影作品相比更加可信,少了几分卡通式的花哨”,但也认为其中“缓慢的节奏有时会让那些狂热的邦德影迷感到沮丧”。《太阳报》的一篇评论的中表达了类似看法,称赞电影的黑暗和克雷格的表演同时,也觉得“就像小说那样,其剧情有些不够犀利”,认为影片还需要做进一步剪辑,特别是结局部分。电影评论家伊曼纽尔·利维(Emanuel Levy)也觉得结局有些太长,而且电影中的反派恐怖分子缺乏深度,不过他还是称赞了克雷格的表现,并给予影片B+的总体评价(最高为A+)。还有些评论对影片反响不佳,例如《观察家报》的蒂姆·亚当斯(Tim Adams)就觉得电影试图让整个系列变得更为粗犷之举让他感到很不自在。
2006年12月,英国电影评论电视节目“Film 2006”的观众将《大战皇家赌场》评为2006年度最佳影片。克雷格身穿运动泳裤的镜头也荣登《太阳报》最性感男明星调查榜首。地扪食品还在2009年发布了一款以身在海边的克雷格为模型的冰棒。2008年,《娱乐周刊》将本片评为过去25年中第19优秀的电影。
《大战皇家赌场》登上了以下影评人和杂志的2006年十大佳片榜单:
《大战皇家赌场》获得了2007年英国电影和电视艺术学院颁发的英国电影学院奖最佳音效奖,还为伊娃·格林赢得了奥兰治新星奖。影片还另外获得了8项英国电影学院奖提名,包括亚历山大·科达奖年度最佳英国电影、最佳编剧、安东尼·阿斯奎斯奖最佳电影音乐、最佳摄影、最佳剪辑、最佳艺术指导、最佳视觉特效和最佳男主角。克雷格也由此成为首位因扮演詹姆斯·邦德获英国电影学院奖提名的男演员。他还获得了标准晚报英国电影奖最佳男主角奖。
影片赢得了艺术指导公会的卓越艺术指导奖,克里斯·康奈尔创作并演唱的主题歌“You Know My Name”也获得了卫星奖最佳原创歌曲奖。电影获得了5项土星奖提名:最佳动作、历险或惊悚电影,最佳男主角、最佳女配角、最佳编剧和最佳配乐,最终拿下了最佳动作、历险或惊悚电影奖。2006年度金西红柿奖将本片评为大范围上映类年度最佳电影。《大战皇家赌场》的剧本、剪辑、视觉效果和艺术指导也得到了一些国际电影奖项的提名并最终获奖。此外还有多位剧组成员赢得了2007年金牛座世界特技奖,如加里·鲍威尔(Gary Powell)获最佳特技协调奖,本·库克、凯·马丁(Kai Martin)、马文·斯图尔特-坎贝尔(Marvin Stewart-Campbell)和亚当·科利获最佳高风险作业奖。
伊恩·兰开斯特·弗莱明(英语:Ian Lancaster Fleming,1908年5月28日—1964年8月12日),英国作家和记者,代表作为詹姆斯·邦德(James Bond)系列小说及儿童故事《万能飞天车》(Chitty Chitty Bang Bang)。
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